Türkmenmetbugat

"Türkmenistanyň lukmançylygy" žurnaly

Founder: Ministry of health and medical industry of Turkmenistan
Adress: Ashgabat c., Garashsyzlyk shayoly, 100, Turkmenbashy centre of free creative work
Telephones: 38-61-55
Email: t-lukmanchylyk-zurnaly@sanly.tm

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Articles

Influence of thyroid pathology on the course of pregnancy and childbirth

Diseases of thyroid gland (TG) among endocrinopathies occupy a dominant place in terms of prevalence [4, 15]. Moreover, the incidence is increasing in various countries of the world [13, 17]. The leading place among them is occupied by autoimmune diseases, nodular forms, malignant tumors, iodine deficiency diseases [1, 7, 10, 16]. Pregnancy is accompanied by the impact of a complex of factors specific for this condition, which together lead to significant stimulation of thyroid gland of a pregnant woman [10, 14]. Such specific factors are hyperproduction of human chorionic gonadotropin (CG), estrogen and thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG), an increase in renal clearance of iodine and a change in the metabolism of maternal thyroid hormones due to the active functioning of the fetoplacental complex. First factor that acts mainly in the first trimester of pregnancy and leads to transient stimulation of thyroid gland is chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which is similar in structure to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): the hormones have the same α-subunit in structure and specific b-subunits. An increase in CG by 10,000 IU/L leads to an increase in free T₄ by 0,6 mmol/l and a suppression of basal TSH by 0,1 mU/l [15].

11 June 2022

Population immunity of the population of Turkmenistan to COVID-19 after "Sputnik-V" vaccination

To assess the effectiveness of ongoing anti-epidemic measures against COVID-19, objective methods are needed to determine anti-coronavirus population immunity using modern methods, which is an important issue in modern epidemiology. The aim of the work is to determine the level and duration of population immunity against COVID-19 after vaccination “GamKowidVak”.

7 April 2022

The study of thyroid volume in schoolchildren of Ashgabat city

Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine diseases in children and adolescents [4]. Iodine deficiency diseases are among the most common non-communicable human diseases. The high incidence of thyroid pathology in the population is associated with an increased risk of developing and chronicizing somatic pathology in individuals of different age groups. Health of children and adolescents requires attention, since the consequences of negative tendency in the state of younger generation concern the future of the country. Given the relevance of this problem, the study of thyroid status of children and adolescents is an important task.

7 April 2022

Analysis of hospital incidence with uveitis

Over the past decade, a steady increase in the incidence of uveitis has been observed in the world, while young people and people of working age make up the bulk of the cases [3, 7]. Uveitis, being one of the most severe inflammatory eye diseases, is characterized by a variety of etiological factors, complexity of pathogenesis, and the frequency of complications. The aim of the work is to analyze the hospital incidence of uveitis of different types.

7 April 2022

Use of turkmen silk with biologically active properties in surgical practice

The task of creating and improving existing suture materials is one of the most urgent problems of surgery. In-depth specialization of various areas of surgery which is typical of the modern stage, has led to the need to develop a variety of suture materials with specific properties [5, 6]. The aim of the work is an experimental study of Turkmen silk by studying the physical and mechanical properties and the biological response of various tissues to natural silk in surgical practice.

7 April 2022

Results of experimental use of two-phase nutrient media in diagnosis of haemophilus influenza

Haemophili are microorganisms of the family Pasteurellaceae of the genus Haemophilus. Microorganisms of the genus Haemophilus often cause various forms and severity of haemophilus influenza in the elderly, children under the age of five, and in immunocompromised patients. When identifying microorganisms of the genus Haemophilus, there are some difficulties associated with the study of biochemical properties. Proceeding from this task, it is important to carry out bacteriological analyses using reagents and nutrient media that are encountered daily in the practice of medical bacteriology.

7 April 2022

The role of labrocytes in morphogenesis of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children with dentoalveolar anomalies

In the scientific literature of recent years, the role of labrocytes (LC) in the pathogenesis of chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) and other diseases of the oral cavity, including tumors, has been widely discussed [2, 12-14, 16, 18]. In inflammatory periodontal diseases or other pathogenic influences, all types of LC occur, the differences are only quantitative [2, 6, 14, 17]. At the same time, there are no data in the published literature on the number of LCs and their role in the development of CCG in children with dentoalveolar anomalies (DAA).

7 April 2022

Morphometric parameters of excavation of optic disk and ganglion cell complex in primary open-angle glaucoma

Glaucoma is one of the most urgent problems in ophthalmology, which is of great medical and social importance due to the high prevalence and severity of complications of the disease, often leading to blindness and disability. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of damage to optic disk and three inner layers of retina that make up the ganglion cell complex (GCC): layers of nerve fibers, ganglion cells and inner plexiform layer, representing axons, cell bodies (somes) and dendrites of the ganglion cells, respectively [6]. The study of these parameters at various stages of glaucoma is relevant.

7 April 2022

Effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19

Vaccination is the most reliable way to protect the population from severe course of COVID -19. By the end of 2021, in the developed countries of the world, a total of at least 77% of the population had already received a full dose of the vaccine. This means that more than 1 billion people around the world are immune to the coronavirus. According to scientific data, antibodies in the blood of people who have had coronavirus can be detected more than a year after infection. Those who had severe COVID-19 had higher antibody titers than those who had only mild symptoms. Based on the above data, the study of antiviral anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is a very urgent problem for effective organization of anti-epidemic measures aimed at combating COVID-19.

9 February 2022

Improvement of therapeutic and restorative methods in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) of newborns is a serious problem, as the development of which depends on the health of a mother, the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and their complications, and the peculiarity of approaches to treatment [5, 8, 11-13]. NEC in newborns occurs in 7-30% of cases [1-3, 14]. According to the clinical course, NEC is divided into 4 stages – fulminant, acute, subacute and recurrent types [1, 4, 15].

9 February 2022

Significance of daily monitoring of arterial pressure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and destabilization of arterial hypertension (AH), on the one hand, and on the other hand, a significant prolongation of the life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the development of modern and highly effective genetically engineered biological drugs and prohypertensive effect of most antirheumatic drugs, primarily NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, further actualize the problem of RA and AH comorbidity [2, 4, 7, 8]. Analysis of the results of diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP) makes it possible to calculate the average values of BP per day, during daytime and at night, BP variability, assess dynamics of decrease in BP at night compared to daytime, and the level of BP in the morning [1, 3, 5].

9 February 2022

Risk factors in patients with cardiac ischemia

The urgency of the problem is determined by the high incidence of a disease, duration of the course and severe clinical manifestations, as well as high disability [2, 3]. Currently, the study of this problem is one of the most important areas of medical science and practice in Turkmenistan. The aim of the work is the study influence of risk factors on the course of the disease in patients with coronary heart disease.

9 February 2022

Clinical studies of live dried plague vaccine

Live dried plague vaccine is used to prevent plague and provides specific immunity for one year. The vaccine provides protection against typical and atypical species of Y.pestis bacteria, forms a working immunity against all parietal antigens of the microorganism [3, 8]. The aim of the work is to conduct clinical studies and determine the effectiveness of experimentally created live dried plague vaccine.

9 February 2022

Modern methods for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of breast cancer (BC) in women in all economically developed countries. Currently, 6,4 million women with BC, who have been living for 5 years or more are registered. According to the latest scientific literature, the incidence of BC has increased by 20%, and mortality by 14% [2, 5, 7, 13]. Treatment of HER2-positive BC is a complex and significant task in practical and scientific oncology.

9 February 2022

Introduction of intraoperative neuromonitoring in neurosurgical operations

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a modern technology developed specifically to ensure the safety of surgical operations and qualitatively change the level of surgical care. The purpose of the technology is to protect nervous system, which helps to avoid any risk of internal trauma or iatrogenic damage, vital functions are controlled, namely: motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual functions, throughout the entire surgical operation. Despite the improvement of surgical technique, the risks of neurological complications remain [1]. Thus, the frequency of neurological complications, depending on the method of surgical treatment used, ranges from 0,37 to 10% [2]. The development of such complications can be caused not only by direct mechanical damage, stretching or compression of nerve structures, but also by a violation of vascular supply of a spinal cord, which is associated with peculiarities of its blood supply [3, 4]. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) makes it possible to prevent such situations [5].

9 February 2022

Characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious disease of visual organ, which is one of the main causes of blindness and low vision, and refers to late microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The study of pathogenesis at the molecular level, the development of methods for early diagnosis and treatment of DR is one of the urgent problems of ophthalmology. The special role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and associated with it Bruch's membrane (BM) in maintaining retinal homeostasis, as well as the search for new effective approaches to treatment and prevention of progression of diabetic retinal damage, determines the high relevance of studying these structures in DR. The aim of the work is to study changes in the retinal pigment epithelium according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) data in various types of diabetic retinopathies.

9 December 2021

Clinical and functional peculiarities of the course of progressive myopia in children

The steady increase in the frequency of myopia all over the world, the tendency to progression makes this pathology the leading one among the most common visual disorders [3, 6]. The frequent transition of myopia to a complicated form is the cause of vision disability in children and young people [1, 4, 7]. The aim of the work is to study the clinical and functional peculiarities of the course of progressive myopia in children.

9 December 2021

Study of the pharmacological properties of St. John's wort plant in anxiety and depressive state

According to scientific evidence, the number of mental disorders is increasing year after year, especially depression and anxiety disorders. Mental illnesses not diagnosed in time become the cause of development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, as well as non-communicable diseases. Currently, drug treatment must take into account the balance between the minimum number of undesirable consequences and the maximum therapeutic results.

9 December 2021

The results of diagnostics and treatment of non-epithelial tumors of the stomach

Non-epithelial tumors of the stomach (NTS) are a very rare type of tumor and account for 3-4% of all malignant neoplasms of the stomach, as well as 1% among tumors of gastrointestinal tract [5]. Non-epithelial neoplasms of the stomach are found in 60-70%, of the small intestine in 25-35%, in the colon and rectum in 5%. The clinical manifestations of disease depend on the location and size of tumor. Today, the main method of treatment for NTS is surgical treatment [4, 7, 8].

9 December 2021

The role of cytokines in atherosclerotic vascular damage

Currently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of illness and death in the world's population. Studies show that coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death in the adult population and occupies the main place among the causes of CVD [2]. At the same time, the underlying causes of the pathogenesis of the disease, the causes of atherosclerotic (AS) processes have not yet been fully understood. Recently, the understanding of the importance of the inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of the development of changes in the vessels in patients with atherosclerosis has noticeably grown. C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF – Tumor Necrosis Factor) and its soluble receptors types 1 and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNF-R2) are markers of inflammation [5].

9 December 2021

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